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| Lakes, Rivers, Inlets | Preview | Description |
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Washington |
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The Alpine Lakes is the largest Wilderness area near the population centers of Puget Sound, at approximately 394,000 acres (1600 square km). It is located on the Cascade Range between Interstate 90 (Snoqualmie Pass) and US Route 2 (Stevens Pass). Bald Eagle Peak dominates this scene in the northern center of the print standing 6,230 feet (1,899 meters). Snow clad Mount Hinman at 7,492 feet (2,284 meters) on the eastern side of this print, is the birthplace of Hinman and Lynch Glaciers, and the beginning of the Middle Fork Snoqualmie River in the Dutch Miller Gap (southwest). The northern ridgeline of the gap is home to Iron Cap Mountain and Big Snow Mountain. The dozens of lakes in this region give the name to the Wilderness. From the northwestern lake, going southeasterly: Panorama Lake, Purvis Lake, Lake Malachite, Cooper Lake, Little Heart Lake, Delta Lake, Big Heart Lake, Angeline Lake, Otter Lake, Azurite Lake, Chetwoot Lake, Gold Lake, and Crawford Lake. From the summit of Bald Eagle Peak, southerly, Nazanne Lake, Jewell Lake, Lochet Lake, Al Lake, Hade Lake, Lake Ilswoot, Emerald Lake, Tahl Lake, Opal Lake, La Bahn Lake, and Williams Lake. | | ||||||||||||
Washington |
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Bainbridge Island, located on Puget Sound, Washington, is featured along with a portion of the Kitsap Peninsula cities of Bremerton, Silverdale, and Port Orchard. | | ||||||||||||
Washington |
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Sinclair Inlet, Dyes Inlet, Port Washington Narrows, Bremerton, Silverdale, Manette, Tracyton, Gorst, Port Orchard, Manchester, and Colby, Washington. | | ||||||||||||
Idaho |
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Including the communities of (from south to north): Charcolet, Ramsdell, Heyburn, Conkling Park, Harrison, Medimont, Whorley, Bellgrove, Mica, Twin Beaches, Eddyville, Coeur d'Alene, Fernan, Huetter, Post Falls, and Wolf Lodge. | | ||||||||||||
Oregon |
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Crater Lake caldera (8,156 feet, 2,487 meters) was formed by a collapse during the catastrophic eruption of approximately 12 cubic miles (50 cubic kilometers) of magma, 6,845 years ago. The 5 mile by 6 mile (8x10 kilometer) caldera lies in the remains of Mount Mazama, a Pleistocene stratovolcano cluster covering 150 square miles (400 square kilometers) in the southern Oregon Cascades. Prior to its climactic eruption, Mount Mazama's summit had an elevation between 10,800 feet and 12,000 feet (3,300 meters and 3,700 meters). Its southern and southeastern flanks were deeply incised by glacial valleys, now beheaded, that form U-shaped notches in the caldera wall. Crater Lake reaches a maximum depth of 1,932 feet (588 meters). Wizard Island Post-caldera volcanic landforms are present beneath the lake surface and poke through to form Wizard Island. The central platform, Merriam Cone, and Wizard Island are all andesite evidently erupted within a few hundred years of caldera's collapse. | | ||||||||||||
Washington |
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Hood Canal's southern half and Case Inlet's northern reaches. Also included are the populated places of Belfair, Union, Hoodsport, Potlatch, Lilliwap, Allyn, Victor, Dewatto, Tahuya, Grapeview, Vaughn, and the Skokomish Indian Reservation, Washington. Past glaciation is clearly evident across the entire landscape. | | ||||||||||||
Washington |
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Located on the Olympic Peninsula at the gateway to the Olympic National Park at the Staircase Campground. | | ||||||||||||
Washington |
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Makah Indian Reservation, Neah Bay, Makah Bay, Tatoosh Island, Pacific Ocean, Strait of Juan de Fuca, Northwestern Washington. Tatoosh is an island about one-half mile northwest of Cape Flattery on the Olympic Peninsula. This region is at the most northwestern corner of the continental United States, the Makah Indian Reservation, and is part of Clallam County, Washington. The Pacific Ocean lies to the west while the Strait of Juan de Fuca begins to the north and east providing access to Puget Sound and the protected ports of Washington and British Columbia, Canada. Makah Bay rests on the Pacific Ocean side of the peninsula, while Neah Bay is protected on the northern flanks. Tatoosh Island has been home to a lighthouse since December 28, 1857, built by the US Coast Guard. | | ||||||||||||
Oregon |
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Mount Bailey (8,363 feet, 2,549 meters) is the southernmost volcano in a north-south-trending volcanic chain 6 miles (10 kilometers) long that rises west of Diamond Lake. Mount Bailey is about the same age as Diamond Peak, 27 miles (43 kilometers) north. Like Diamond Peak, Mount Bailey consists of a tephra cone surrounded by basaltic andesite lava. Bailey is slightly smaller 2.0-2.2 cubic miles (8-9 cubic kilometers) than Diamond Peak, and minor andesite erupted from the summit cone in its late stages, whereas Diamond Peak eruptions were never more siliceous than basaltic andesite. | | ||||||||||||
Washington |
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Mount Si (pronounced sigh) is a small mountain in the US state of Washington. Although just 4,167 ft (1,270 meter) high, it lies on the western margin of the Cascade Range just above the coastal plains around Puget Sound, and towers over the nearby town of North Bend. The mountain was named after local homesteader Josiah "Uncle Si" Merritt. It was made famous in the show Twin Peaks, which was filmed in North Bend and Snoqualmie. Mt. Si is a remnant of an oceanic plate volcano and the rocks are highly metamorphosed. Related to the Indian legend and seeing that the rock of Mt. Si is indeed 'foreign' rock and not like that of the surrounding countryside it might, perhaps, be that the Indians had recognized this fact and attempted to explain it with the story of the Moon falling to earth. The communities of North Bend, Snoqualmie, and Fall City, Washington, are also included around the three forks of the Snoqualmie River (North, Middle, and South Forks). | | ||||||||||||
Washington |
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Mount Stuart at 9,415 feet (2,869 meters) is located in the Cascade Range and is the second highest non-volcanic peak in the state, after nearby Bonanza Peak. It is the sixth-highest independent peak in Washington overall. Mount Stuart is the highest peak in the Stuart Range, and is contained within the Alpine Lakes Wilderness, located in the central part of the Washington Cascades, south of Stevens Pass and east of Snoqualmie Pass. Like many Cascade peaks, Mount Stuart is more notable for its local relief than for its absolute elevation. For example, the south face rises 5000 feet (1524 m) in just 2 horizontal miles (3.2 km). The northeast and northwest sides of the mountain exhibit similar steep relief. The rock of Mount Stuart is unusually rugged and unstable, due to the extensive jointing of the granite. The Stuart Glacier, Sherpa Glacier, and the Ice Cliff Glacier flow from the summit of Mount Stuart. Other high points on this print include (from west to east) Ingalis Peak, Sherpa Peak, Argonaut Peak, Colchuck Peak, and Dragontail Peak. | | ||||||||||||
Oregon |
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Mount Thielsen (9,182 feet, 2,799 meters) is a shield volcano comprising approximately 2 cubic miles (8 cubic kilometers) of basaltic andesite built atop a broad pedestal of older lava. Thielsen is remarkable even at a distance for its colorfully interbedded pyroclastic rocks that dip away from the jagged spire of the central plug, often called the "lightning rod of the Cascades". The most spectacular views are on the north and east sides (accessible only by foot or horseback) where now-vanished glaciers have carved precipitous cirque walls that reveal the construction. Thielsen's age is approximately 290,000 years, and its geomorphology is a reference point for assigning Cascade Range volcanoes to the age division 0-0.25 million years (younger than Thielsen) or 0.25-0.73 million years (older than Thielsen). | | ||||||||||||
Oregon |
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Newberry Volcano, centered about 20 miles (32 km) southeast of Bend, Oregon, is among the largest Quaternary volcanoes in the conterminous United States. It covers an area in excess of 500 square miles (1,300 square km), and lava from it extends northward many tens of miles. The highest point on the volcano, Paulina Peak with an elevation of 7,984 feet (2,433 meters), is about 4,000 feet (1,219 meters) higher than the terrain surrounding the volcano. The gently sloping flanks, embellished by more than 400 cinder cones, consist of basalt and basaltic andesite flows, andesitic to rhyolitic ash-flow and air-fall tuffs and other types of pyroclastic deposits. At Newberry's summit is a 4- to 5-mile-wide (6-8 km) caldera that contains scenic Paulina Lake and East Lake. The caldera has been the site of numerous Holocene eruptions, mostly of rhyolitic composition, that occurred as recently as 1,400 years ago. | | ||||||||||||
Washington |
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Orcas Island is the largest of the San Juan Islands, which are located in the northwestern corner of Washington state in San Juan County. Orcas Island is slightly larger, but less populous, than neighboring San Juan Island. Orcas is shaped like a pair of saddlebags, separated by fjord-like East Sound, with Massacre Bay on the south side, and tiny Skull Island just off the coast. At the northern end of East Sound is the village of Eastsound. In 1989 the Lummi Indian Nation regained a village and burial site on Orcas Island's Madrona Point near Eastsound. Mount Constitution is a 2,409 foot high (734 m) mountain on Orcas Island. It is the highest point on any of the San Juan Islands. At the summit there stands a stone observation tower built by the Civilian Conservation Corps in 1936. Also mapped are Shaw Island (southwest of Orcas Island), Blakely Island (southeast), Obstruction Island (between Orcas and Blakely), the northern tip of Lopez Island (south of Orcas), and Crane Island (between Orcas and Shaw). The very small islands northeast of Orcas are Barnes and Clark Islands. A portion of Waldron Island is visible in the northwest corner of this map. | | ||||||||||||
Alaska |
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Portage Glacier is located on the Kenai Peninsula of Alaska and is included within the Chugach National Forest. It is located south of Portage Lake and 4 miles (6 km) west of Whittier. Portage Glacier was a local name first recorded in 1898 by Thomas Corwin Mendenhall of the U.S. Coast and Geodetic Survey, so called because it is on a portage route between Prince William Sound and Turnagain Arm. Portage Glacier feeds Portage Lake (705 feet, 215 meters) from the southwest where it flows from Carpathian Peak (4,501 feet, 1,372 meters) pictured here. | | ||||||||||||
Washington |
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The San Juan Islands are a part of the San Juan Archipelago in the northwest corner of the continental United States. San Juan Island is the second-largest and most populous of these Islands. It has a land area of 55.053 sq mi (142.59 km²). The name "San Juan" comes from the 1791 expedition of Francisco de Eliza, who named the archipelago Isla y Archiepelago de San Juan to honor his patron, Juan Vicente de Güemes Padilla Horcasitas y Aguayo, 2nd Count of Revillagigedo. One of the officers under Eliza's command, Gonzalo López de Haro, was the first European to discover San Juan Island itself. The American explorer Charles Wilkes renamed the island Rodgers Island, but the Spanish name was kept on British charts and became the standard. Mount Dallas stands on the western side of the Island at 1,086 feet (331 meters). | | ||||||||||||
Washington |
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Puget Sound, Lake Washington, Lake Sammamish, Seattle, Bellevue, Issaquah, Mercer Island, Sammamish, University of Washington, Redmond, Kirkland, Medina. | | ||||||||||||
Washington |
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Snoqualmie Mountain, at 6,278 feet (1,914 meters) above sea level, is the tallest peak in the immediate vicinity of Snoqualmie Pass in the Cascade Range of Washington state. Its shape is often described as "amorphous" or "blob-like", although it does display a steep north face dropping down to the Middle Fork of the Snoqualmie River. The boundary of the Alpine Lakes Wilderness crosses the summit of Snoqualmie Mountain. It appears due north of Snoqualmie Pass (Interstate 90), and east of Snow Lake. Adjacent to Snoqualmie Mountain, moving eastward, are Lundin Peak, Red Mountain, then south along the ridgeline is Kendall Peak. Due west of Snoqualmie Pass is Denny Mountain, then northwesterly along the ridgeline is Bryant Peak, Chair Peak, and Melakwa Peak (just west of Snow Lake). | | ||||||||||||
Washington |
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This print provides an unique view of the Spokane River through the downtown Spokane area, where it turns to the northwest and meanders against the ridgelines to the west where the Spokane Airport is located. | | ||||||||||||
Washington |
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Puget Sound, Port of Tacoma, Tacoma, Ruston, Monta Vista, Lakewood, Fife, Milton, Lakota, Caledonia, Titlo, Oakland, Hillsdale, Fort Nisqually, Brown's Point, Tacoma Narrows, Dash Point, and Sunset Beach, Washington. | | ||||||||||||
| Mountains | Preview | Description |
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Washington |
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The Alpine Lakes is the largest Wilderness area near the population centers of Puget Sound, at approximately 394,000 acres (1600 square km). It is located on the Cascade Range between Interstate 90 (Snoqualmie Pass) and US Route 2 (Stevens Pass). Bald Eagle Peak dominates this scene in the northern center of the print standing 6,230 feet (1,899 meters). Snow clad Mount Hinman at 7,492 feet (2,284 meters) on the eastern side of this print, is the birthplace of Hinman and Lynch Glaciers, and the beginning of the Middle Fork Snoqualmie River in the Dutch Miller Gap (southwest). The northern ridgeline of the gap is home to Iron Cap Mountain and Big Snow Mountain. The dozens of lakes in this region give the name to the Wilderness. From the northwestern lake, going southeasterly: Panorama Lake, Purvis Lake, Lake Malachite, Cooper Lake, Little Heart Lake, Delta Lake, Big Heart Lake, Angeline Lake, Otter Lake, Azurite Lake, Chetwoot Lake, Gold Lake, and Crawford Lake. From the summit of Bald Eagle Peak, southerly, Nazanne Lake, Jewell Lake, Lochet Lake, Al Lake, Hade Lake, Lake Ilswoot, Emerald Lake, Tahl Lake, Opal Lake, La Bahn Lake, and Williams Lake. | | ||||||||||||
California |
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Black Butte (6,245 feet, 1,903 meter) is a group of dacite domes located about 8 miles (13 km) southwest of Mount Shasta. It is a landmark for the surrounding communities of Upton, Deetz, and Black Butte, and is also a monument for travelers of Interstate-5. These domes were formed about 9,500 years ago as a flank vent of Mount Shasta and was part of the larger mountain's eruptive activity. | | ||||||||||||
Oregon |
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Crater Lake caldera (8,156 feet, 2,487 meters) was formed by a collapse during the catastrophic eruption of approximately 12 cubic miles (50 cubic kilometers) of magma, 6,845 years ago. The 5 mile by 6 mile (8x10 kilometer) caldera lies in the remains of Mount Mazama, a Pleistocene stratovolcano cluster covering 150 square miles (400 square kilometers) in the southern Oregon Cascades. Prior to its climactic eruption, Mount Mazama's summit had an elevation between 10,800 feet and 12,000 feet (3,300 meters and 3,700 meters). Its southern and southeastern flanks were deeply incised by glacial valleys, now beheaded, that form U-shaped notches in the caldera wall. Crater Lake reaches a maximum depth of 1,932 feet (588 meters). Wizard Island Post-caldera volcanic landforms are present beneath the lake surface and poke through to form Wizard Island. The central platform, Merriam Cone, and Wizard Island are all andesite evidently erupted within a few hundred years of caldera's collapse. | | ||||||||||||
Oregon |
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Diamond Peak (8,750 feet, 2,667 meters), the dominant landform in the Willamette Pass area, is a basaltic andesite shield approximately 3.6 cubic miles (15 cubic kilometers) in volume. Like other shields in the area, it has a central pyroclastic cone that is surrounded and surmounted by lava flows. Diamond Peak began erupting from a vent near its northern summit. A second vent later opened near the southern summit, piggy-backing its lava and tephra over the previously erupted volcanic rocks. This vent migration likely involved only a small interval of time. Diamond Peak is probably less than 100,000 years old, but is certainly older than the last glaciation, which ended approximately 11,000 years ago. | | ||||||||||||
Washington |
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Glacier Peak (10,541 feet, 3,213 meters) is the most remote of Washington's five active volcanoes. Since the end of the last ice age, Glacier Peak has produced some of the largest and most explosive eruptions in the state. Glacier Peak has erupted during at least six separate episodes, most recently about 300 years ago. More than a dozen glaciers occur on the flanks of the volcano, and unconsolidated pyroclastic deposits over 12,000 years old have been largely removed by glaciation. Lava flows locally cap ridges to the northeast of the volcano. While small basaltic flows and cones are found at several points around the flanks of Glacier Peak, the main edifice is largely dacite and andesite. Glacier Peak is a small Cascade Range stratovolcano. | | ||||||||||||
California |
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Lassen Peak (10,457 feet, 3,187 meters) is the largest of a group of more than 30 volcanic domes which erupted over the past 300,000 years in the Lassen Volcanic National Park of northern California. These mound-shaped accumulations of volcanic rock, called lava domes, were created by eruptions of lava too viscous to readily flow away from its source. Eruptions about 27,000 years ago formed Lassen Peak, probably within only a few years. With a height of 2,000 feet and a volume of half a cubic mile, it is one of the largest lava domes on Earth. The most recent eruptive activity occurred at Lassen Peak in 1914-1917. When Lassen Peak formed, it looked much like the nearby 1,100-year-old Chaos Crags Domes (northern edge of this map), with steep sides covered with angular rock talus. However, from 25,000 to 18,000 years ago, during the last ice age, Lassen's shape was significantly altered by glacial erosion. For example, the bowl-shaped depression on the volcano's northeastern flank, called a cirque, was eroded by a glacier that extended out 7 miles from the dome. Also pictured here is Ski Heil Peak, Diamond Peak, Reding Peak, Loomis Peak, and Mt. Conrad. | | ||||||||||||
Montana |
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The Little Rocky Mountains are part of the Central Montana Alkalic Province that extends from Yellowstone National Park to the northeast Canadian border. The Little Rockies are a dissected domal structure due to the laccolithic intrusion of phosphycitic rock (Landusky and Zortman Historic Context). This intrusive area consists mainly of stocks and laccoliths ranging from the late Cretaceous to the mid-Tertiary. During the Tertiary, igneous activity domed the Little Rocky Mountains and formed the laccolithic intrusion, dikes and sills where gold-silver mineralization occurred. Evidence of past mining activity at the Landusky Mine can be seen near the summit of Gold Bug Butte and Shell Butte. Antoine Butte (5,720 feet, 1,743 meters) is the highest peak in this formation. | | ||||||||||||
Washington |
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Mount Adams, one of the largest volcanoes in the Cascade Range, stands astride the Cascade Crest about 30 miles (50 km) due east of Mount St. Helen’s. The towering compound stratovolcano stands at 12,276 feet (3,742 meters) and is marked by a dozen glaciers, most of which are fed radially from its summit icecap. In the High Cascades, Mount Adams is second in eruptive volume only to Mount Shasta, in California, and it far surpasses its loftier neighbor Mount Rainier, to the north. | | ||||||||||||
Oregon |
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Mount Bachelor (9,065 feet, 2,763 meters), which is between 11,000 and 15,000 years old is the youngest of these volcanoes in the Cascades. The Mount Bachelor volcanic chain provides one example of the type and scale of eruptive activity that has produced most of the High Cascades platform, which consists chiefly of scoria cones and lava flows, shield volcanoes, and a few steep-sided cones of basalt and basaltic andesite. The chain is 25 kilometers long; its lava flows cover 250 square kilometers and constitute a total volume of 30-50 cubic kilometers. The Three Sisters area contains 5 large cones of Quaternary age—North Sister, Middle Sister, South Sister, Broken Top, and Mount Bachelor. | | ||||||||||||
Oregon |
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Mount Bailey (8,363 feet, 2,549 meters) is the southernmost volcano in a north-south-trending volcanic chain 6 miles (10 kilometers) long that rises west of Diamond Lake. Mount Bailey is about the same age as Diamond Peak, 27 miles (43 kilometers) north. Like Diamond Peak, Mount Bailey consists of a tephra cone surrounded by basaltic andesite lava. Bailey is slightly smaller 2.0-2.2 cubic miles (8-9 cubic kilometers) than Diamond Peak, and minor andesite erupted from the summit cone in its late stages, whereas Diamond Peak eruptions were never more siliceous than basaltic andesite. | | ||||||||||||
Washington |
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Mount Baker (10,778 feet, 3,285 meters) is an ice-clad volcano in the North Cascades of Washington State about 31 miles (50 kilometers) due east of the city of Bellingham. Isolated ridges of lava and hydrothermally altered rock, especially in the area of Sherman Crater, are exposed between glaciers on the upper flanks of the volcano: the lower flanks are steep and heavily vegetated. Historical activity at Mount Baker includes several explosions during the mid-19th century, which were witnessed from the Bellingham area, and since the late 1950s, numerous small- volume debris avalanches. | | ||||||||||||
Idaho |
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At 12,662 feet (3,859 meters), Mount Borah is the highest mountain in Idaho (located in the northwestern portion of the ridgeline on this map at 44° 08' 14" N, 113° 47' 00" W). It is the highest point in the Lost River Mountain Range, located near the geologic center of Idaho, not far from the aptly titled place name, "Chilly". The second largest earthquake in the continental United States occurred in 1983 centered on Mount Borah (M7.3). The earthquake lifted the elevation of the mountain 7 feet higher. This range is part of the Western Cordillera (the axis-line of the North American and South American continents), running from Chile to Alaska. Mount Borah is named for William E. Borah, who served Idaho in the United States Senate from 1907 until his death in 1940. Leatherman Peak (12,228 feet, 3,727 meters), can be seen southeast of Mount Borah along the Lost River Mountain Range ridgeline at 44° 4' 75” N, 113° 44' 10”W. | | ||||||||||||
Oregon |
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Mount Hood is one of the most accessible and preeminent of Oregon's volcanoes, located east-southeast of Portland, Oregon, and south of the Columbia River. It is the highest peak in the state (3,426 meters - 11,239 feet) and one of the most often climbed peaks in the Pacific Northwest. Mount Hood has erupted repeatedly for hundreds of thousands of years, most recently during two episodes in the past 1,500 years. Mount Hood is a stratovolcano. | | ||||||||||||
Oregon |
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Mount Jefferson stands 10,495 feet (3,199 meters) along the Oregon Cascade Range, south of Mount Hood, and north of the smaller Three Fingered Jack. Mount Jefferson has erupted repeatedly for hundreds of thousands of years, with its last eruptive episode during the last major glaciation which culminated about 15,000 years ago. Geologic evidence shows that Mount Jefferson is capable of large explosive eruptions. The upper cone is less than 10,000 years old. Mount Jefferson is a stratovolcano. | | ||||||||||||
Oregon |
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Mount McLoughlin (also known as Mount Pit or Pitt) rises 3.937 feet (1,200 meters) as a steep-sided, dominantly basaltic andesite lava cone above the low Pliocene and Pleistocene basaltic andesite shields on which it is built. McLoughlin (9,496 feet, 2,894 meters) is easily recognized from as far away as Medicine Lake in California, along I-5 between Yreka, California, and Medford, Oregon, or around the rim of Crater Lake. Although it is the tallest volcano between Shasta and Crater Lake, McLoughlin, with a volume of only 3 cubic miles (13 cubic kilometers), is dwarfed by the bulk of Shasta (84 cubic miles, 350 cubic kilometers) and Mazama (31 cubic miles, 130 cubic kilometers [Crater Lake]). | | ||||||||||||
Washington |
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Mount Olympus is the tallest and most prominent mountain in the Olympic Mountain range of Western Washington reaching 7,963 feet (2,427 meters). Located on the Olympic Peninsula, it is the central feature of Olympic National Park and the highest summit of the Olympic Mountains. Due to large winter snowfalls, Mount Olympus supports large glaciers, despite its modest elevation, and relatively low latitude (48°). These glaciers include (from north, clockwise) Blue, Hoh, Humes, Jeffers, Hubert, and White, the longest of which is Hoh at 3.06 miles (4.93 kilometers). The largest is Blue with a volume of 0.57 km³ and area of 5.31 km². Mount Olympus is composed of shale and sandstone formed by the tectonic action of the Pacific Plate and the North American Plate since the Eocene epoch. Despite its location in a tectonically active zone, Mount Olympus is not a volcano. | | ||||||||||||
Washington |
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Mount Rainier, standing 14,410 feet (4,392 meters) dominates the Cascade Range profile from all sides. It hovers nearly 3 miles above the Puget Sound Lowlands, and 1.5 miles above the surrounding mountains. From this summit, five major river valleys are born (clockwise from the northwest): the Carbon, White, Cowlitz, Nisqually, and Puyallup. Each river flows westerly through the Cascade Range and, with the exception of the Cowlitz, empties into Puget Sound near Tacoma, Washington. The Cowlitz joins the Columbia River in the southwestern part of the State to flow to the Pacific Ocean. Mount Rainier's most recent eruption was in the 1840s, and evidence suggests that it was active as recent (geologically) as 1,000 and 2,300 years ago. Mount Rainier is a stratovolcano. | | ||||||||||||
Washington |
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Mount St. Helens (8,364 feet, 2,549 meters) is the most widely known of the Cascade Range volcanoes primarily because of its eruption of May 18, 1980, and the subsequent activity since that time. Prior to its eruption, Mount St. Helens stood 9,677 feet (2,950 meters) tall and possessed one of the most picturesque cone-shaped tops of any volcano in the Cascade Range. A relatively “young” volcano (40,000 years old), Mount St. Helens was dormant from 1857 until 1980. Nearly 2 months of earthquakes in early 1980, was accentuated by another earthquake registering magnitude 5.1 beneath the Mountain at 08:32 on May 18, 1980, which set in motion the devastating eruption. The northern flank of the Mountain blew away causing the largest recorded landslide in history. | | ||||||||||||
California |
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Mount Shasta (14,161 feet, 4,317 meters) is located in the Cascade Range in northern California about 40 miles (65 kilometers) south of the Oregon-California border and about midway between the Pacific Coast and the Nevada border. One of the largest and highest of the Cascade volcanoes, snow clad Mount Shasta is near the southern end of the range that terminates near Lassen Peak. Mount Shasta is a compound stratovolcano which dominates the landscape of northern California. It hosts five glaciers, including the Whitney Glacier, the largest in California. Shastina is a large subsidiary cone that rises to 12,329 feet (3,758 meters) on the west flank of the compound volcano. Mount Shasta has continued to erupt at least once every 600-800 years for the past 10,000 years. Its most recent eruption was estimated to be in 1786. | | ||||||||||||
Washington |
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Mount Si (pronounced sigh) is a small mountain in the US state of Washington. Although just 4,167 ft (1,270 meter) high, it lies on the western margin of the Cascade Range just above the coastal plains around Puget Sound, and towers over the nearby town of North Bend. The mountain was named after local homesteader Josiah "Uncle Si" Merritt. It was made famous in the show Twin Peaks, which was filmed in North Bend and Snoqualmie. Mt. Si is a remnant of an oceanic plate volcano and the rocks are highly metamorphosed. Related to the Indian legend and seeing that the rock of Mt. Si is indeed 'foreign' rock and not like that of the surrounding countryside it might, perhaps, be that the Indians had recognized this fact and attempted to explain it with the story of the Moon falling to earth. The communities of North Bend, Snoqualmie, and Fall City, Washington, are also included around the three forks of the Snoqualmie River (North, Middle, and South Forks). | | ||||||||||||
Washington |
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Mount Stuart at 9,415 feet (2,869 meters) is located in the Cascade Range and is the second highest non-volcanic peak in the state, after nearby Bonanza Peak. It is the sixth-highest independent peak in Washington overall. Mount Stuart is the highest peak in the Stuart Range, and is contained within the Alpine Lakes Wilderness, located in the central part of the Washington Cascades, south of Stevens Pass and east of Snoqualmie Pass. Like many Cascade peaks, Mount Stuart is more notable for its local relief than for its absolute elevation. For example, the south face rises 5000 feet (1524 m) in just 2 horizontal miles (3.2 km). The northeast and northwest sides of the mountain exhibit similar steep relief. The rock of Mount Stuart is unusually rugged and unstable, due to the extensive jointing of the granite. The Stuart Glacier, Sherpa Glacier, and the Ice Cliff Glacier flow from the summit of Mount Stuart. Other high points on this print include (from west to east) Ingalis Peak, Sherpa Peak, Argonaut Peak, Colchuck Peak, and Dragontail Peak. | | ||||||||||||
Oregon |
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Mount Thielsen (9,182 feet, 2,799 meters) is a shield volcano comprising approximately 2 cubic miles (8 cubic kilometers) of basaltic andesite built atop a broad pedestal of older lava. Thielsen is remarkable even at a distance for its colorfully interbedded pyroclastic rocks that dip away from the jagged spire of the central plug, often called the "lightning rod of the Cascades". The most spectacular views are on the north and east sides (accessible only by foot or horseback) where now-vanished glaciers have carved precipitous cirque walls that reveal the construction. Thielsen's age is approximately 290,000 years, and its geomorphology is a reference point for assigning Cascade Range volcanoes to the age division 0-0.25 million years (younger than Thielsen) or 0.25-0.73 million years (older than Thielsen). | | ||||||||||||
Oregon |
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Mount Washington (7,796 feet, 2,376 meters - northern peak) and Belknap Shield Volcano (6,874 feet, 2,095 meters - lower-left peak) are two distinctly different types of volcanoes located adjacent to each other. Belknap is a basaltic shield volcano, the first eruptive phase 2,900 years ago distributed basaltic cinders and ash over a broad area to the northeast and southeast. A second phase, 2,900 years ago, produced an adventive shield of basaltic andesite on the east flank, known as "Little Belknap". Mount Washington eruptions of uniform basaltic andesite produced an older shield volcano with a summit cone that reached an elevation of about 8,500 feet (2,600 meters). The summit consists of a micronorite plug, 1,300 feet (400 meters) in diameter. The age of Mount Washington is probably no more than a few 100,000 years, similar to that of other central High Cascade stratovolcanoes. | | ||||||||||||
Oregon |
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Newberry Volcano, centered about 20 miles (32 km) southeast of Bend, Oregon, is among the largest Quaternary volcanoes in the conterminous United States. It covers an area in excess of 500 square miles (1,300 square km), and lava from it extends northward many tens of miles. The highest point on the volcano, Paulina Peak with an elevation of 7,984 feet (2,433 meters), is about 4,000 feet (1,219 meters) higher than the terrain surrounding the volcano. The gently sloping flanks, embellished by more than 400 cinder cones, consist of basalt and basaltic andesite flows, andesitic to rhyolitic ash-flow and air-fall tuffs and other types of pyroclastic deposits. At Newberry's summit is a 4- to 5-mile-wide (6-8 km) caldera that contains scenic Paulina Lake and East Lake. The caldera has been the site of numerous Holocene eruptions, mostly of rhyolitic composition, that occurred as recently as 1,400 years ago. | | ||||||||||||
Washington |
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Orcas Island is the largest of the San Juan Islands, which are located in the northwestern corner of Washington state in San Juan County. Orcas Island is slightly larger, but less populous, than neighboring San Juan Island. Orcas is shaped like a pair of saddlebags, separated by fjord-like East Sound, with Massacre Bay on the south side, and tiny Skull Island just off the coast. At the northern end of East Sound is the village of Eastsound. In 1989 the Lummi Indian Nation regained a village and burial site on Orcas Island's Madrona Point near Eastsound. Mount Constitution is a 2,409 foot high (734 m) mountain on Orcas Island. It is the highest point on any of the San Juan Islands. At the summit there stands a stone observation tower built by the Civilian Conservation Corps in 1936. Also mapped are Shaw Island (southwest of Orcas Island), Blakely Island (southeast), Obstruction Island (between Orcas and Blakely), the northern tip of Lopez Island (south of Orcas), and Crane Island (between Orcas and Shaw). The very small islands northeast of Orcas are Barnes and Clark Islands. A portion of Waldron Island is visible in the northwest corner of this map. | | ||||||||||||
Alaska |
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Portage Glacier is located on the Kenai Peninsula of Alaska and is included within the Chugach National Forest. It is located south of Portage Lake and 4 miles (6 km) west of Whittier. Portage Glacier was a local name first recorded in 1898 by Thomas Corwin Mendenhall of the U.S. Coast and Geodetic Survey, so called because it is on a portage route between Prince William Sound and Turnagain Arm. Portage Glacier feeds Portage Lake (705 feet, 215 meters) from the southwest where it flows from Carpathian Peak (4,501 feet, 1,372 meters) pictured here. | | ||||||||||||
Washington |
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The San Juan Islands are a part of the San Juan Archipelago in the northwest corner of the continental United States. San Juan Island is the second-largest and most populous of these Islands. It has a land area of 55.053 sq mi (142.59 km²). The name "San Juan" comes from the 1791 expedition of Francisco de Eliza, who named the archipelago Isla y Archiepelago de San Juan to honor his patron, Juan Vicente de Güemes Padilla Horcasitas y Aguayo, 2nd Count of Revillagigedo. One of the officers under Eliza's command, Gonzalo López de Haro, was the first European to discover San Juan Island itself. The American explorer Charles Wilkes renamed the island Rodgers Island, but the Spanish name was kept on British charts and became the standard. Mount Dallas stands on the western side of the Island at 1,086 feet (331 meters). | | ||||||||||||
Idaho |
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The Seven Devils Mountains are located in Central Idaho along the Rocky Mountain Range, in an area known as the Salmon River Mountains. To the west the range is cut by the Snake River and to the northeast they yield to the Salmon River. The confluence of these two rivers lies to the north, while the community of New Meadows, Idaho, is to the south. This impressive range of mountains reaches as high as 9,400 feet (2,865 meters) with both He Devil and She Devil. This range is a part of the Hell's Canyon Wilderness Area. | | ||||||||||||
Idaho |
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The Seven Devils Mountains are located in Central Idaho along the Rocky Mountain Range, in an area known as the Salmon River Mountains. To the west the range is cut by the Snake River and to the northeast they yield to the Salmon River. The confluence of these two rivers lies to the north, while the community of New Meadows, Idaho, is to the south. This impressive range of mountains reaches as high as 9,400 feet (2,865 meters) with both He Devil and She Devil. This range is a part of the Hell's Canyon Wilderness Area. In this image the large area of "white ground cover" is not snow, it is cloud cover which was present over the mountain when photographed. | | ||||||||||||
Washington |
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Located midway and slightly south of the midpoint between Mount St. Helens and Mount Adams, Sleeping Beauty stands picturesque and stubbornly as a remnant of volcanic activity 1 million years ago. The formation was created by andesitic magma that intruded up into older volcanic rocks as part of the Indian Heaven Volcanic Field. Over 60 eruptive centers lie on the 30 kilometer long fissure zone. Sleeping Beauty peak stands 4,907 feet (1,496 meters) tall. | | ||||||||||||
Washington |
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Snoqualmie Mountain, at 6,278 feet (1,914 meters) above sea level, is the tallest peak in the immediate vicinity of Snoqualmie Pass in the Cascade Range of Washington state. Its shape is often described as "amorphous" or "blob-like", although it does display a steep north face dropping down to the Middle Fork of the Snoqualmie River. The boundary of the Alpine Lakes Wilderness crosses the summit of Snoqualmie Mountain. It appears due north of Snoqualmie Pass (Interstate 90), and east of Snow Lake. Adjacent to Snoqualmie Mountain, moving eastward, are Lundin Peak, Red Mountain, then south along the ridgeline is Kendall Peak. Due west of Snoqualmie Pass is Denny Mountain, then northwesterly along the ridgeline is Bryant Peak, Chair Peak, and Melakwa Peak (just west of Snow Lake). | | ||||||||||||
Oregon |
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Three Sisters is a stratovolcano cluster consisting of North Sister (10,085 feet, 3,074 meters), Middle Sister (10,047 feet, 3,062 meters), and South Sister (10,358 feet, 3,157 meters). Two types of volcanoes exist in the Three Sisters region: South Sister, Middle Sister, and Broken Top, are major composite volcanoes clustered near the center of the region, which have erupted repeatedly over tens of thousands of years and may erupt explosively in the future. In contrast, mafic volcanoes, which range from small cinder cones to large shield volcanoes like North Sister and Belknap Crater, are typically short-lived (weeks to centuries) and erupt less explosively than do composite volcanoes. Hundreds of mafic volcanoes scattered through the Three Sisters region are part of a much longer zone along the High Cascades of Oregon in which birth of new mafic volcanoes is possible. | | ||||||||||||
Oregon |
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Three-Fingered Jack (7,841 feet - 2,390 meters) is the most distinctive volcano in this part of the range -- (Central Oregon High Cascades south of Mount Jefferson to Santiam Pass). This deeply glaciated basaltic andesite shield volcano has around 2,625 feet (800 meters) of relief and is centered on a pyroclastic cone that underlies the summit of the mountain. The cone lacks a high-level conduit-filling plug like other shield volcanoes posses such as Mount Washington south of Santiam Pass has. Three-Fingered Jack is undated by radiometric methods, but its age probably lies between 0.50 and 0.25 million years old (500,000 and 250,000 years ago), as inferred from its erosional state compared to other shield volcanoes in the High Cascades. | | ||||||||||||
| Populated Places | Preview | Description |
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Washington |
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Bainbridge Island, located on Puget Sound, Washington, is featured along with a portion of the Kitsap Peninsula cities of Bremerton, Silverdale, and Port Orchard. | | ||||||||||||
Washington |
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Sinclair Inlet, Dyes Inlet, Port Washington Narrows, Bremerton, Silverdale, Manette, Tracyton, Gorst, Port Orchard, Manchester, and Colby, Washington. | | ||||||||||||
Idaho |
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Including the communities of (from south to north): Charcolet, Ramsdell, Heyburn, Conkling Park, Harrison, Medimont, Whorley, Bellgrove, Mica, Twin Beaches, Eddyville, Coeur d'Alene, Fernan, Huetter, Post Falls, and Wolf Lodge. | | ||||||||||||
Washington |
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Hood Canal's southern half and Case Inlet's northern reaches. Also included are the populated places of Belfair, Union, Hoodsport, Potlatch, Lilliwap, Allyn, Victor, Dewatto, Tahuya, Grapeview, Vaughn, and the Skokomish Indian Reservation, Washington. Past glaciation is clearly evident across the entire landscape. | | ||||||||||||
Washington |
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Makah Indian Reservation, Neah Bay, Makah Bay, Tatoosh Island, Pacific Ocean, Strait of Juan de Fuca, Northwestern Washington. Tatoosh is an island about one-half mile northwest of Cape Flattery on the Olympic Peninsula. This region is at the most northwestern corner of the continental United States, the Makah Indian Reservation, and is part of Clallam County, Washington. The Pacific Ocean lies to the west while the Strait of Juan de Fuca begins to the north and east providing access to Puget Sound and the protected ports of Washington and British Columbia, Canada. Makah Bay rests on the Pacific Ocean side of the peninsula, while Neah Bay is protected on the northern flanks. Tatoosh Island has been home to a lighthouse since December 28, 1857, built by the US Coast Guard. | | ||||||||||||
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Moscow & University of Idaho,
Idaho
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Features the city of Moscow surrounded by the Palouse Hills and Moscow Mountain to the northeast. |
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Washington |
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Mount Si (pronounced sigh) is a small mountain in the US state of Washington. Although just 4,167 ft (1,270 meter) high, it lies on the western margin of the Cascade Range just above the coastal plains around Puget Sound, and towers over the nearby town of North Bend. The mountain was named after local homesteader Josiah "Uncle Si" Merritt. It was made famous in the show Twin Peaks, which was filmed in North Bend and Snoqualmie. Mt. Si is a remnant of an oceanic plate volcano and the rocks are highly metamorphosed. Related to the Indian legend and seeing that the rock of Mt. Si is indeed 'foreign' rock and not like that of the surrounding countryside it might, perhaps, be that the Indians had recognized this fact and attempted to explain it with the story of the Moon falling to earth. The communities of North Bend, Snoqualmie, and Fall City, Washington, are also included around the three forks of the Snoqualmie River (North, Middle, and South Forks). | | ||||||||||||
Washington |
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Orcas Island is the largest of the San Juan Islands, which are located in the northwestern corner of Washington state in San Juan County. Orcas Island is slightly larger, but less populous, than neighboring San Juan Island. Orcas is shaped like a pair of saddlebags, separated by fjord-like East Sound, with Massacre Bay on the south side, and tiny Skull Island just off the coast. At the northern end of East Sound is the village of Eastsound. In 1989 the Lummi Indian Nation regained a village and burial site on Orcas Island's Madrona Point near Eastsound. Mount Constitution is a 2,409 foot high (734 m) mountain on Orcas Island. It is the highest point on any of the San Juan Islands. At the summit there stands a stone observation tower built by the Civilian Conservation Corps in 1936. Also mapped are Shaw Island (southwest of Orcas Island), Blakely Island (southeast), Obstruction Island (between Orcas and Blakely), the northern tip of Lopez Island (south of Orcas), and Crane Island (between Orcas and Shaw). The very small islands northeast of Orcas are Barnes and Clark Islands. A portion of Waldron Island is visible in the northwest corner of this map. | | ||||||||||||
Washington |
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Sinclair Inlet, Port Washington Narrows, Port Orchard, Bremerton, Gorst, Manchester, Colby, Glenwood and Olalla Washington. | | ||||||||||||
Washington |
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Features Pullman, Washington and Washington State University. | | ||||||||||||
Washington & Idaho |
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Features both Pullman, Washington, and Moscow Idaho with the Pallouse Hills featured prominently. Both Washington State University and the University of Idaho are included on this print. | | ||||||||||||
Washington |
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The San Juan Islands are a part of the San Juan Archipelago in the northwest corner of the continental United States. San Juan Island is the second-largest and most populous of these Islands. It has a land area of 55.053 sq mi (142.59 km²). The name "San Juan" comes from the 1791 expedition of Francisco de Eliza, who named the archipelago Isla y Archiepelago de San Juan to honor his patron, Juan Vicente de Güemes Padilla Horcasitas y Aguayo, 2nd Count of Revillagigedo. One of the officers under Eliza's command, Gonzalo López de Haro, was the first European to discover San Juan Island itself. The American explorer Charles Wilkes renamed the island Rodgers Island, but the Spanish name was kept on British charts and became the standard. Mount Dallas stands on the western side of the Island at 1,086 feet (331 meters). | | ||||||||||||
Washington |
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Puget Sound, Lake Washington, Lake Sammamish, Seattle, Bellevue, Issaquah, Mercer Island, Sammamish, University of Washington, Redmond, Kirkland, Medina. | | ||||||||||||
Washington |
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This print provides an unique view of the Spokane River through the downtown Spokane area, where it turns to the northwest and meanders against the ridgelines to the west where the Spokane Airport is located. | | ||||||||||||
Washington |
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Puget Sound, Port of Tacoma, Tacoma, Ruston, Monta Vista, Lakewood, Fife, Milton, Lakota, Caledonia, Titlo, Oakland, Hillsdale, Fort Nisqually, Brown's Point, Tacoma Narrows, Dash Point, and Sunset Beach, Washington. | | ||||||||||||
| Volcanic Sites | Preview | Description |
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California |
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Black Butte (6,245 feet, 1,903 meter) is a group of dacite domes located about 8 miles (13 km) southwest of Mount Shasta. It is a landmark for the surrounding communities of Upton, Deetz, and Black Butte, and is also a monument for travelers of Interstate-5. These domes were formed about 9,500 years ago as a flank vent of Mount Shasta and was part of the larger mountain's eruptive activity. | | ||||||||||||
Oregon |
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Crater Lake caldera (8,156 feet, 2,487 meters) was formed by a collapse during the catastrophic eruption of approximately 12 cubic miles (50 cubic kilometers) of magma, 6,845 years ago. The 5 mile by 6 mile (8x10 kilometer) caldera lies in the remains of Mount Mazama, a Pleistocene stratovolcano cluster covering 150 square miles (400 square kilometers) in the southern Oregon Cascades. Prior to its climactic eruption, Mount Mazama's summit had an elevation between 10,800 feet and 12,000 feet (3,300 meters and 3,700 meters). Its southern and southeastern flanks were deeply incised by glacial valleys, now beheaded, that form U-shaped notches in the caldera wall. Crater Lake reaches a maximum depth of 1,932 feet (588 meters). Wizard Island Post-caldera volcanic landforms are present beneath the lake surface and poke through to form Wizard Island. The central platform, Merriam Cone, and Wizard Island are all andesite evidently erupted within a few hundred years of caldera's collapse. | | ||||||||||||
Idaho |
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The Craters of the Moon Lava Field spreads across 618 square miles (1,601 km²) and is the largest mostly Holocene-aged basaltic lava field in the lower 48 U.S. states. The Monument and Preserve contain more than 25 volcanic cones including outstanding examples of spatter cones. Sixty distinct lava flows form the Craters of the Moon Lava Field ranging in age from 15,000 to just 2,000 years old. The Kings Bowl and Wapi lava fields, both about 2,200 years old, are part of the National Preserve. The Lava Field spreads southeastward from the Pioneer Mountains (pictured here). This lava field is the largest of several large and recent beds of lava that erupted from the 53 mile (85 km) long, south-east to north-west trending, Great Rift volcanic zone; a line of weakness in the Earth's crust created by Basin and Range rifting. Together with fields from other fissures they make up the Lava Beds of Idaho, which in turn are located within the much larger Snake River Plain volcanic province (the Great Rift almost extends across the entire Snake River Plain). | | ||||||||||||
Oregon |
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Diamond Peak (8,750 feet, 2,667 meters), the dominant landform in the Willamette Pass area, is a basaltic andesite shield approximately 3.6 cubic miles (15 cubic kilometers) in volume. Like other shields in the area, it has a central pyroclastic cone that is surrounded and surmounted by lava flows. Diamond Peak began erupting from a vent near its northern summit. A second vent later opened near the southern summit, piggy-backing its lava and tephra over the previously erupted volcanic rocks. This vent migration likely involved only a small interval of time. Diamond Peak is probably less than 100,000 years old, but is certainly older than the last glaciation, which ended approximately 11,000 years ago. | | ||||||||||||
Washington |
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Glacier Peak (10,541 feet, 3,213 meters) is the most remote of Washington's five active volcanoes. Since the end of the last ice age, Glacier Peak has produced some of the largest and most explosive eruptions in the state. Glacier Peak has erupted during at least six separate episodes, most recently about 300 years ago. More than a dozen glaciers occur on the flanks of the volcano, and unconsolidated pyroclastic deposits over 12,000 years old have been largely removed by glaciation. Lava flows locally cap ridges to the northeast of the volcano. While small basaltic flows and cones are found at several points around the flanks of Glacier Peak, the main edifice is largely dacite and andesite. Glacier Peak is a small Cascade Range stratovolcano. | | ||||||||||||
California |
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Lassen Peak (10,457 feet, 3,187 meters) is the largest of a group of more than 30 volcanic domes which erupted over the past 300,000 years in the Lassen Volcanic National Park of northern California. These mound-shaped accumulations of volcanic rock, called lava domes, were created by eruptions of lava too viscous to readily flow away from its source. Eruptions about 27,000 years ago formed Lassen Peak, probably within only a few years. With a height of 2,000 feet and a volume of half a cubic mile, it is one of the largest lava domes on Earth. The most recent eruptive activity occurred at Lassen Peak in 1914-1917. When Lassen Peak formed, it looked much like the nearby 1,100-year-old Chaos Crags Domes (northern edge of this map), with steep sides covered with angular rock talus. However, from 25,000 to 18,000 years ago, during the last ice age, Lassen's shape was significantly altered by glacial erosion. For example, the bowl-shaped depression on the volcano's northeastern flank, called a cirque, was eroded by a glacier that extended out 7 miles from the dome. Also pictured here is Ski Heil Peak, Diamond Peak, Reding Peak, Loomis Peak, and Mt. Conrad. | | ||||||||||||
Washington |
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Mount Adams, one of the largest volcanoes in the Cascade Range, stands astride the Cascade Crest about 30 miles (50 km) due east of Mount St. Helen’s. The towering compound stratovolcano stands at 12,276 feet (3,742 meters) and is marked by a dozen glaciers, most of which are fed radially from its summit icecap. In the High Cascades, Mount Adams is second in eruptive volume only to Mount Shasta, in California, and it far surpasses its loftier neighbor Mount Rainier, to the north. | | ||||||||||||
Oregon |
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Mount Bachelor (9,065 feet, 2,763 meters), which is between 11,000 and 15,000 years old is the youngest of these volcanoes in the Cascades. The Mount Bachelor volcanic chain provides one example of the type and scale of eruptive activity that has produced most of the High Cascades platform, which consists chiefly of scoria cones and lava flows, shield volcanoes, and a few steep-sided cones of basalt and basaltic andesite. The chain is 25 kilometers long; its lava flows cover 250 square kilometers and constitute a total volume of 30-50 cubic kilometers. The Three Sisters area contains 5 large cones of Quaternary age—North Sister, Middle Sister, South Sister, Broken Top, and Mount Bachelor. | | ||||||||||||
Oregon |
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Mount Bailey (8,363 feet, 2,549 meters) is the southernmost volcano in a north-south-trending volcanic chain 6 miles (10 kilometers) long that rises west of Diamond Lake. Mount Bailey is about the same age as Diamond Peak, 27 miles (43 kilometers) north. Like Diamond Peak, Mount Bailey consists of a tephra cone surrounded by basaltic andesite lava. Bailey is slightly smaller 2.0-2.2 cubic miles (8-9 cubic kilometers) than Diamond Peak, and minor andesite erupted from the summit cone in its late stages, whereas Diamond Peak eruptions were never more siliceous than basaltic andesite. | | ||||||||||||
Washington |
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Mount Baker (10,778 feet, 3,285 meters) is an ice-clad volcano in the North Cascades of Washington State about 31 miles (50 kilometers) due east of the city of Bellingham. Isolated ridges of lava and hydrothermally altered rock, especially in the area of Sherman Crater, are exposed between glaciers on the upper flanks of the volcano: the lower flanks are steep and heavily vegetated. Historical activity at Mount Baker includes several explosions during the mid-19th century, which were witnessed from the Bellingham area, and since the late 1950s, numerous small- volume debris avalanches. | | ||||||||||||
Oregon |
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Mount Hood is one of the most accessible and preeminent of Oregon's volcanoes, located east-southeast of Portland, Oregon, and south of the Columbia River. It is the highest peak in the state (3,426 meters - 11,239 feet) and one of the most often climbed peaks in the Pacific Northwest. Mount Hood has erupted repeatedly for hundreds of thousands of years, most recently during two episodes in the past 1,500 years. Mount Hood is a stratovolcano. | | ||||||||||||
Oregon |
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Mount Jefferson stands 10,495 feet (3,199 meters) along the Oregon Cascade Range, south of Mount Hood, and north of the smaller Three Fingered Jack. Mount Jefferson has erupted repeatedly for hundreds of thousands of years, with its last eruptive episode during the last major glaciation which culminated about 15,000 years ago. Geologic evidence shows that Mount Jefferson is capable of large explosive eruptions. The upper cone is less than 10,000 years old. Mount Jefferson is a stratovolcano. | | ||||||||||||
Oregon |
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Mount McLoughlin (also known as Mount Pit or Pitt) rises 3.937 feet (1,200 meters) as a steep-sided, dominantly basaltic andesite lava cone above the low Pliocene and Pleistocene basaltic andesite shields on which it is built. McLoughlin (9,496 feet, 2,894 meters) is easily recognized from as far away as Medicine Lake in California, along I-5 between Yreka, California, and Medford, Oregon, or around the rim of Crater Lake. Although it is the tallest volcano between Shasta and Crater Lake, McLoughlin, with a volume of only 3 cubic miles (13 cubic kilometers), is dwarfed by the bulk of Shasta (84 cubic miles, 350 cubic kilometers) and Mazama (31 cubic miles, 130 cubic kilometers [Crater Lake]). | | ||||||||||||
Washington |
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Mount Rainier, standing 14,410 feet (4,392 meters) dominates the Cascade Range profile from all sides. It hovers nearly 3 miles above the Puget Sound Lowlands, and 1.5 miles above the surrounding mountains. From this summit, five major river valleys are born (clockwise from the northwest): the Carbon, White, Cowlitz, Nisqually, and Puyallup. Each river flows westerly through the Cascade Range and, with the exception of the Cowlitz, empties into Puget Sound near Tacoma, Washington. The Cowlitz joins the Columbia River in the southwestern part of the State to flow to the Pacific Ocean. Mount Rainier's most recent eruption was in the 1840s, and evidence suggests that it was active as recent (geologically) as 1,000 and 2,300 years ago. Mount Rainier is a stratovolcano. | | ||||||||||||
Washington |
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Mount St. Helens (8,364 feet, 2,549 meters) is the most widely known of the Cascade Range volcanoes primarily because of its eruption of May 18, 1980, and the subsequent activity since that time. Prior to its eruption, Mount St. Helens stood 9,677 feet (2,950 meters) tall and possessed one of the most picturesque cone-shaped tops of any volcano in the Cascade Range. A relatively “young” volcano (40,000 years old), Mount St. Helens was dormant from 1857 until 1980. Nearly 2 months of earthquakes in early 1980, was accentuated by another earthquake registering magnitude 5.1 beneath the Mountain at 08:32 on May 18, 1980, which set in motion the devastating eruption. The northern flank of the Mountain blew away causing the largest recorded landslide in history. | | ||||||||||||
California |
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Mount Shasta (14,161 feet, 4,317 meters) is located in the Cascade Range in northern California about 40 miles (65 kilometers) south of the Oregon-California border and about midway between the Pacific Coast and the Nevada border. One of the largest and highest of the Cascade volcanoes, snow clad Mount Shasta is near the southern end of the range that terminates near Lassen Peak. Mount Shasta is a compound stratovolcano which dominates the landscape of northern California. It hosts five glaciers, including the Whitney Glacier, the largest in California. Shastina is a large subsidiary cone that rises to 12,329 feet (3,758 meters) on the west flank of the compound volcano. Mount Shasta has continued to erupt at least once every 600-800 years for the past 10,000 years. Its most recent eruption was estimated to be in 1786. | | ||||||||||||
Oregon |
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Mount Thielsen (9,182 feet, 2,799 meters) is a shield volcano comprising approximately 2 cubic miles (8 cubic kilometers) of basaltic andesite built atop a broad pedestal of older lava. Thielsen is remarkable even at a distance for its colorfully interbedded pyroclastic rocks that dip away from the jagged spire of the central plug, often called the "lightning rod of the Cascades". The most spectacular views are on the north and east sides (accessible only by foot or horseback) where now-vanished glaciers have carved precipitous cirque walls that reveal the construction. Thielsen's age is approximately 290,000 years, and its geomorphology is a reference point for assigning Cascade Range volcanoes to the age division 0-0.25 million years (younger than Thielsen) or 0.25-0.73 million years (older than Thielsen). | | ||||||||||||
Oregon |
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Mount Washington (7,796 feet, 2,376 meters - northern peak) and Belknap Shield Volcano (6,874 feet, 2,095 meters - lower-left peak) are two distinctly different types of volcanoes located adjacent to each other. Belknap is a basaltic shield volcano, the first eruptive phase 2,900 years ago distributed basaltic cinders and ash over a broad area to the northeast and southeast. A second phase, 2,900 years ago, produced an adventive shield of basaltic andesite on the east flank, known as "Little Belknap". Mount Washington eruptions of uniform basaltic andesite produced an older shield volcano with a summit cone that reached an elevation of about 8,500 feet (2,600 meters). The summit consists of a micronorite plug, 1,300 feet (400 meters) in diameter. The age of Mount Washington is probably no more than a few 100,000 years, similar to that of other central High Cascade stratovolcanoes. | | ||||||||||||
Oregon |
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Newberry Volcano, centered about 20 miles (32 km) southeast of Bend, Oregon, is among the largest Quaternary volcanoes in the conterminous United States. It covers an area in excess of 500 square miles (1,300 square km), and lava from it extends northward many tens of miles. The highest point on the volcano, Paulina Peak with an elevation of 7,984 feet (2,433 meters), is about 4,000 feet (1,219 meters) higher than the terrain surrounding the volcano. The gently sloping flanks, embellished by more than 400 cinder cones, consist of basalt and basaltic andesite flows, andesitic to rhyolitic ash-flow and air-fall tuffs and other types of pyroclastic deposits. At Newberry's summit is a 4- to 5-mile-wide (6-8 km) caldera that contains scenic Paulina Lake and East Lake. The caldera has been the site of numerous Holocene eruptions, mostly of rhyolitic composition, that occurred as recently as 1,400 years ago. | | ||||||||||||
Washington |
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Located midway and slightly south of the midpoint between Mount St. Helens and Mount Adams, Sleeping Beauty stands picturesque and stubbornly as a remnant of volcanic activity 1 million years ago. The formation was created by andesitic magma that intruded up into older volcanic rocks as part of the Indian Heaven Volcanic Field. Over 60 eruptive centers lie on the 30 kilometer long fissure zone. Sleeping Beauty peak stands 4,907 feet (1,496 meters) tall. | | ||||||||||||
Oregon |
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Three Sisters is a stratovolcano cluster consisting of North Sister (10,085 feet, 3,074 meters), Middle Sister (10,047 feet, 3,062 meters), and South Sister (10,358 feet, 3,157 meters). Two types of volcanoes exist in the Three Sisters region: South Sister, Middle Sister, and Broken Top, are major composite volcanoes clustered near the center of the region, which have erupted repeatedly over tens of thousands of years and may erupt explosively in the future. In contrast, mafic volcanoes, which range from small cinder cones to large shield volcanoes like North Sister and Belknap Crater, are typically short-lived (weeks to centuries) and erupt less explosively than do composite volcanoes. Hundreds of mafic volcanoes scattered through the Three Sisters region are part of a much longer zone along the High Cascades of Oregon in which birth of new mafic volcanoes is possible. | | ||||||||||||
Oregon |
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Three-Fingered Jack (7,841 feet - 2,390 meters) is the most distinctive volcano in this part of the range -- (Central Oregon High Cascades south of Mount Jefferson to Santiam Pass). This deeply glaciated basaltic andesite shield volcano has around 2,625 feet (800 meters) of relief and is centered on a pyroclastic cone that underlies the summit of the mountain. The cone lacks a high-level conduit-filling plug like other shield volcanoes posses such as Mount Washington south of Santiam Pass has. Three-Fingered Jack is undated by radiometric methods, but its age probably lies between 0.50 and 0.25 million years old (500,000 and 250,000 years ago), as inferred from its erosional state compared to other shield volcanoes in the High Cascades. | |
